A Study on effectiveness of policy support for SME's export

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2016This paper aims to analyze the effectiveness of policy support for SME's export. Since domestic market is already limited and the competitiveness with large enterprises is getting severe, the export expansion is indispensable to improve the growth potential of SMEs. Since SMEs play an important role in the Korean economy, it is necessary to support the export expansion to improve the growth potential of SMEs as well as job creation. To expand the export assistance programs by the Korean government, the effectiveness of SME export support policy should be proved. For this purpose, OLS (Ordinary Least Squares) regression is applied to 2,439 SMEs including the treatment group of 578 and the control group of 1,861. It observedwhether the policy support is directly effective on SME's export, the variable of 'subsidy', which SMEs receive from the government, is included as an independent variable with that of 'export growth', which is the growthrate of SME's export, as a dependent variable. As a result, the policy support for SMEs have a positive impact on export with a statistically significance at the 10% level. Thus, export is the effective means to improve the growth of SMEs.I. Introduction II. Literature Review III. Methodology and Data IV. Analysis Result V. Conclusion VI. ReferencemasterpublishedHeeran KIM

A longitudinal study of family process influences on socioeconomic status achievement among Southeast Asian immigrant adolescents: implications for parent education and K-12 education

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. May 2014. Major: Education, Curriculum and Instruction. Advisor: Susan Kae Walker. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 128 pages.Based on Bronfenbrenner's Process-Person-Context-Time research model, this study explores individual factor effects of family context (i.e., parents' acculturation), family processes (i.e., parental involvement and parent-child conflict), and adolescents' individual characteristics (i.e., self-esteem and gender) on adolescent children's SES achievement (i.e., highest education and annual income) in adulthood. In addition, this study explores the interplay effect of those family and individual factors on adolescents' SES achievement in adulthood. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) procedures were used because this study aims to test the conceptual model of Southeast Asian immigrant adolescents' long-term SES achievement using the Children of Immigrant Longitudinal Study, a ten-year national panel data. The hypothesized relationships in the model include the followings: (a) positive effect of parents' acculturation on parental involvement and on adolescents' SES achievement in adulthood and negative effect on parent-child conflict (b) negative effect of parental involvement on parent-child conflict and positive effect on adolescents' self-esteem and on SES achievement (c) negative effect of parent-child conflict on adolescents' self-esteem (d) positive effect of adolescents' self-esteem on SES achievement. This study reveals the individual effects of family processes and adolescent individual characteristics on Southeast Asian immigrant adolescents' long-term SES achievement. More essentially, the interplay effect of family processes and adolescent individual characteristics takes a critical role in the adolescents' SES achievement by potentially mediating or moderating the parents' SES effect. Implications for parent education and K-12 education for Southeast Asian immigrant families were discussed in the way to help immigrant adolescents succeed in the host society socioeconomically

Gender Differences in the Effect of Obesity on Chronic Diseases among the Elderly Koreans

The objective of this study is to investigate gender differences of obesity on major chronic diseases in elderly Korean males and females. This study applied a cross sectional design using the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). We selected 508 elderly males and 830 elderly females who were 60 or more years old. Obesity was defined using Body Mass Index (BMI) (≥ 25) or Waist Circumference (WC) (≥ 90 for men and ≥ 85 for women). We applied a surveylogistic regression to determine gender differences in relation to the effect of obesity on eleven major chronic diseases. Using WC, 46.2% of females were obese compared to 34.3% for males. Similarly, using BMI, 42.2% of females were obese compared to 31.7% for males. While obese males and females had similar profiles for developing metabolic syndrome components including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes (odds ratios [ORs] were 1.8-2.6 for males and 1.7-2.5 for females), obese elderly females had additional risks for arthritis and urinary incontinence (ORs 1.5-1.8 for females) as well as higher prevalence for these diseases. A clearer understanding of gender differences in relation to the association between obesity and chronic diseases would be helpful for reducing the social burden of chronic diseases in the elderly

A closer look at the increase in suicide rates in South Korea from 1986–2005

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Suicide rates have recently been decreasing on average among OECD countries, but increasing trends have been detected in South Korea, particularly since the 1997 economic crisis. There have been no detailed analyses about the changes of the suicide rates over time periods in Korea. We examined trends in both absolute and proportional suicide rates over the time period of economic development, crisis, and recovery (1986 – 2005) as well as in birth cohorts from 1924 to 1978.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We used data on total mortality and suicide rates from 1986 to 2005 published online by the Korean National Statistical Office (NSO) and extracted data for individuals under 80 years old. The analyses of the trends for 1) the sex-age-specific total mortality rate, 2) the sex-age-specific suicide rate, and 3) the sex-age-specific proportional suicide rate in 1986–2005 were conducted. To demonstrate the birth cohort effect on the proportional suicide rate, the synthetic birth cohort from 1924 to 1978 from the successive cross-sectional data was constructed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Age standardized suicide rates in South Korea increased by 98% in men (from 15.3 to 30.3 per 100,000) and by 124% in women (from 5.8 to 13.0 per 100,000). In both genders, the proportional increase in suicide rates was more prominent among the younger group aged under 45, despite the absolute increase being attributed to the older group. There were distinct cohort effects underlying increasing suicide rates particularly among younger age groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Increasing suicide rates in Korea was composed of a greater absolute increase in the older group and a greater proportional increase in the younger group.</p

Effects of Changes in Smoking Behavior of Older Adults&rsquo; Oral Health

While smoking is a crucial health risk, it adversely affects oral health, particularly becoming riskier for older adults who have smoked for a long time. This study identifies the patterns of smoking behavior changes in older adults aged 65 years and older and examines how the smoking behavior changes affect their oral health. Longitudinal data were derived from Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA) between 2006 and 2018, targeting the older adults 65 years and older in South Korea. The independent variable was the amount of smoking, and the dependent variable was oral health. For data analysis, SPSS 25.0 and M-plus 8.0 programs were utilized. As a result, the patterns of changes in smoking behavior of the older adults finally derived were &lsquo;non-smoking,&rsquo; &lsquo;decreasing,&rsquo; &lsquo;high-level maintenance,&rsquo; and &lsquo;decreasing after increasing.&rsquo; Furthermore, the relationship between the smoking behavior change pattern of the older adults and oral health was revealed. Specifically, as for the smoking behavior change pattern of the older adults, it was confirmed that the oral health was better in the &lsquo;non-smoking&rsquo; pattern compared to the &lsquo;high-level maintenance&rsquo; pattern. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the &lsquo;decreasing&rsquo; pattern and the &lsquo;decreasing after rising&rsquo; pattern did not significantly affect oral health. The findings imply that even if older adults smoked a lot in the past, if they quit smoking at some point, it can positively affect their oral health. Furthermore, it is suggested to allow public officials, medical professionals, and welfare experts to actively intervene for older adults to stop smoking for their oral health

Explaining gender differences in ill-health in South Korea: The roles of socio-structural, psychosocial, and behavioral factors

This study examines and explains the gender disparity in health despite rapid modernization in South Korea where the social structure is still based on traditional gender relations. A nationally representative sample of 2897 men and 3286 women aged 25-64 from the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed. Health indicators included self rated health and chronic disease. Age-adjusted prevalence was computed according to a gender and odds ratios (OR) derived from logistic regression. Percentage changes in OR by inclusion of determinant variables (socio-structural, psychosocial, and behavioral) into the base logistic regression model were used to estimate the contributions to the gender gap in two morbidity measures. Results showed a substantial female excess in ill-health in both measures, revealing an increasing disparity in the older age group. Group-specific age-adjusted prevalence of ill-health showed an inverse relationship to socioeconomic position. When adjusting for each determinant, employment status, education, and depression contributed the greatest to the gender gap. After adjusting for all suggested determinants, 78% for self rated health and 86% for chronic disease in excess OR could be explained. After stratifying for age, the full model provided a complete explanation for the female excess in chronic illness, but for self rated health a female excess was still evident for the younger age group. Socio-structural factors played a crucial role in accounting for female excess in ill-health. This result calls for greater attention to gender-based health inequality stemming from socio-structural determinants in South Korea. Cross-cultural validation studies are suggested for further discussion of the link between changing gender relations and the gender health gap in morbidity in diverse settings.Social determinants South Korea Health inequalities Gender differences Modernization Social change

An Assessment of Magnitudes and Patterns of Socioeconomic Inequalities across Various Health Problems: A Large National Cross-Sectional Survey in Korea

Magnitudes of health inequalities present consequences of socioeconomic impact on each health problem. To provide knowledge on the size of health problems in terms of socioeconomic burden, we examined the magnitudes and patterns of health inequalities across 12 health problems. A total of 17,292 participants older than 30 years were drawn from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2010–2012). The age-adjusted prevalence ratios were compared across socioeconomic positions (SEPs) based on income, education, and occupation. The magnitudes of socioeconomic inequalities varied across 12 health problems and, in general, the patterns of socioeconomic inequalities were similar among groups of health problems (i.e., non-communicable diseases (NCDs), mental health, and subjective health states). Significant health inequalities across NCDs, such as diabetes, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and arthritis, were observed mainly in women. Socioeconomic inequalities in mental health problems, such as depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts, were profound for both genders and across SEP measures. Significant socioeconomic inequalities were also observed for subjective health. No or weak associations were observed for injury and HBV infection. The patterns of socioeconomic inequalities were similar among groups of health problems. Mental illnesses appeared to require prioritization of socioeconomic approaches for improvement in terms of absolute prevalence and relative socioeconomic distribution

Unveiling organic-inorganic hybrids as a cathode material for high performance lithium-ion capacitors

Novel Li-ion hybrid supercapacitors were developed containing composite cathodes of a conducting polymer - either polyaniline (PANI) or polypyrrole (PPy) - with Li(Mn1/3Ni1/3Fe1/3)O-2 nanoparticles. Activated carbon (AC) anodes were used in the presence of an organic electrolyte. Using a PANI composite electrode resulted in a cell with outstanding supercapacitive behavior, even at high currents. It showed better cycleability than the cells using a PPy composite electrode or pristine material. The cell with a PANI composite electrode delivered high specific capacitances of 140, 93, and 56 F g(-1) at current densities of 0.72, 1.45 and 2.15 A g(-1), respectively. The observed capacitances are the best yet reported for hybrid supercapacitors based on Li-intercalating materials in organic electrolytes. The hybrid supercapacitor containing PANI delivered maximum energy and power densities of 49 W h kg(-1) and 3 kW kg(-1), respectively. These results demonstrate the potential of developing polymer-encapsulated, Li-intercalating materials for high-performance, Li-ion, hybrid supercapacitors.